Volume 74

Ellen P. Aprill Volume 74, Issue 6, 1555-1620 The standard view of the relationship between government and the nonprofit charitable sector treats them as separate and distinct. But they are not. Numerous federal agencies have statutory authority to receive...

Mark D. Rosen Volume 74, Issue 6, 1621-1682 In a recent decision, the Supreme Court held that “the founding generation took as a given” that states would be constitutionally immune to suit in the courts of sister states, overruling an earlier ruling that interstate...

Robert A. Destro Volume 74, Issue 6, 1683-1750 “Constitutional lawsuits are the stuff of power politics in America. The Court may be, and usually is, above party politics and personal politics, but the politics of power is a most important and delicate function, and...

Andrew Koppelman Volume 74, Issue 6, 1751-1762 Today’s Supreme Court is so predisposed to find discrimination against religion that it declared it to be present in a case where the discriminator was obeying the Court’s own commands. In Kennedy v. Bremerton School...

Ira C. Lupu & Robert W. Tuttle Volume 74, Issue 6, 1763-1812 The very first words of the Bill of Rights mark religion as constitutionally distinctive. Congress may not enact laws respecting an establishment of religion—in particular, acts of worship, religious...

John Witte, Jr. & Eric Wang Volume 74, Issue 6, 1813-1848 The U.S. Supreme Court has entered decisively into a new fourth era of American religious freedom. In the first era, from 1776 to 1940, the Court largely left governance of religious freedom to the...

Tomer S. Stein Volume 74, Issue 5, 1281-1330 Corporate law is dominated by an equity-only view of corporate governance that centers on management-shareholder dynamics. This Article expands the management-shareholder paradigm by developing a novel integrated theory of...

Candice Enders & Joshua P. Davis Volume 74, Issue 5, 1331-1352 Attention to how courts address the ethics of defense counsel’s communications with absent class members before class certification is valuable for two primary reasons. First, it provides insight into...

Lauren E. Godshall Volume 74, Issue 5, 1353-1372 Mass torts cases take up a massive swath of the nation’s federal court docket yet are governed by little to no substantive procedural laws. Instead, a host of regular practices for multidistrict litigation (“MDL”)...

Roger Michalski Volume 74, Issue 5, 1373-1402 Ethical norms in litigation are policed through overlapping regulatory regimes. One of these regimes is internal to litigation and split into different components, including Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 11, 26(g), and...

Melissa Mortazavi Volume 74, Issue 5, 1403-1432 When courts consider a choice of class or lead counsel in multidistrict litigation (“MDL”) or class action suits, they often follow the idea of a neutral partisan model. Such a model idealizes lawyer conduct as a blank...

Eli Wald Volume 74, Issue 5, 1433-1458 The legal ethics of class actions is a mess, with many lingering, unresolved questions and conflicting answers. The culprit is a fundamental lack of agreement regarding the identity of the client, without which it is impossible...

W. Bradley Wendel & Joshua P. Davis Volume 74, Issue 5, 1459-1482 Commentators have worried that third-party funding, particularly in complex litigation, may give rise to ethical concerns. In this Essay, we explore an alternative possibility: third-party funding...

Jesse Honig Volume 74, Issue 5, 1483-1512 Climate change has arrived. The next decade will provide critical opportunities to avoid the most devastating impacts of climate change. The decisions we take over the next ten years will be the difference between moderate...

Samantha Mita Volume 74, Issue 5, 1513-1554 Advancements in artificial intelligence (“AI”) and machine learning have found their way into the classroom. The use of artificial intelligence proctoring services (“AIPS”) has risen over the past few years with little...

David S. Levine & Joshua D. Sarnoff Volume 74, Issue 4, 987-1056 The unprecedented COVID-19 virus has brought to the forefront many challenges associated with exclusive rights in information, data, and know-how, all of which may constitute protected trade secrets....

Jaime S. King, Alexandra D. Montague, Daniel R. Arnold & Thomas L. Greaney Volume 74, Issue 4, 1057-1120 As healthcare markets continue to consolidate and prices continue to rise, economists, legal scholars, antitrust enforcers, and policymakers have the...

Ned Snow Volume 74, Issue 4, 1121-1166 The Constitution provides Congress the power to enact copyright laws in order “To promote the Progress of Science.” Some statements by the modern Supreme Court may be interpreted to suggest that “the Progress of Science” is...

Andrew W. Winden Volume 74, Issue 4, 1167-1220 Unless U.S. corporations take steps to harden their assets against natural disasters exacerbated by climate change and prepare for the transition to a zero-carbon economy, they face the prospect of catastrophic risk to...

Philip Hawkyard Volume 74, Issue 4, 1221-1250 In Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc., the Supreme Court established a two-step framework to determine whether a supposed invention that involves a “natural law” can be a patent-eligible subject...

Nick Wiley Volume 74, Issue 4, 1251-1280 Since the turn of the century, there has been an exponential rise in forcibly displaced persons and human rights violations. This rise has coincided with a series of acts that have removed the United States as a global leader...

Christopher G. Bradley Volume 74, Issue 3, 607-678 The intersection between privacy law and the big business of consumer data has become a major focus of policymakers, scholars, the business community, and consumer advocates, yet the legal regime governing the...

Peter Margulies Volume 74, Issue 3, 679-764 In immigration law, executive discretion has become contested terrain. Courts, officials, and scholars have rarely distinguished between regulatory discretion, which facilitates exclusion and removal of noncitizens, and...

Sarah Polcz Volume 74, Issue 3, 765-822 Friendship rewards us with a bond of loyalty and equality. The marketplace rewards us based on what we have to offer. When friends work together to create something, and when the market judges their creation to have value, this...

Erin Adele Scharff and Darien Shanske Volume 74, Issue 3, 823-868 Traditional theoretical literature on fiscal federalism urges cities to finance themselves with taxes on immobile sources. Thus, the literature sees real property taxes as the best source of local...

Stewart E. Sterk Volume 74, Issue 3, 869-910 Local, national, and global catastrophes entail significant risk for landowners. The government-sponsored National Flood Insurance Program illustrates how subsidizing insurance against catastrophe risk can result in...

Rahil Maharaj Volume 74, Issue 3, 911-934 Evolving surveillance technologies present unique challenges for the judiciary to maintain robust Fourth Amendment privacy protections. New surveillance tools such as pole cameras raise significant questions regarding the...

Lydia Tonozzi Volume 74, Issue 3, 935-958 The dire state of the prison population in the United States has become common knowledge both at home and abroad. Mass incarceration in the United States has been caused by nearly four decades of retributive criminal justice...

Irene Yu Volume 74, Issue 3, 959-986 This Note contributes to the growing literature that attempts to grasp the current landscape of international trade and investment norms and policies in the data age. Focusing on the disputes between the United States and China...

Douglas W. Arner, Giuliano G. Castellano, Ēriks K. Selga Volume 74, Issue 2, 235-292 Finance is one of the most digitalized, globalized, and regulated sectors of the global economy. Traditionally technology intensive, the financial industry has been at the forefront...

Rebecca A. Delfino Volume 74, Issue 2, 293-348 Deepfakes—audiovisual recordings created using artificial intelligence (AI) technology to believably map one person’s movements and words onto another—are ubiquitous. They have permeated societal and civic spaces from...

Nizan Geslevich Packin Volume 74, Issue 2, 349-398 According to studies, money is a major source of anxiety for most Americans. In looking for ways to remedy the source of such anxiety, some believe that increasing children’s financial orientation could help lower...

Govind Persad Volume 74, Issue 2, 399-432 This Article examines whether policies—sometimes termed “vaccine mandates” or “vaccine requirements”—that consider vaccination status as a condition of employment, receipt of goods and services, or educational or other...

Hadar Y. Jabotinsky & Roee Sarel Volume 74, Issue 2, 433-488 Everybody is talking about cryptocurrencies. These digital tokens, which started in a one-asset market, have swiftly ballooned into a massive and diverse “cryptomarket.” The cryptomarket is still mostly...

Peter K. Yu Volume 74, Issue 2, 489-550 This Article examines an unprecedented proposal that India and South Africa submitted to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in October 2020, which called for a waiver of more than thirty provisions in the Agreement on...

Sammi Chen Volume 74, Issue 2, 551-582 The new and growing intersection between data privacy and antitrust uses data privacy as both a sword and shield against antitrust liability. On one hand, large technology firms have begun using privacy as a business...

Isha Vazirani Volume 74, Issue 2, 583-606 The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced that beginning on May 26, 2015, certain H-4 dependents of H-1B nonimmigrants would be eligible to apply for an Employment Authorization Document (EAD). The H-4 EAD program...